（四）通過一切有效途徑，立即向就近的主管機(jī)關(guān)報告，報告內(nèi)收留包含事故發(fā)生位置、遇險船舶名稱、職員傷亡情況、船舶受損情況、天氣海況、救助需求等。
《指引》是在認(rèn)真分析中國沿海水域習(xí)慣航線與漁船作業(yè)集中水域的交叉、漁船航行作業(yè)習(xí)慣、商漁船碰撞多發(fā)時間、商漁船碰撞主要原因等段等多方面因素的基礎(chǔ)上，廣泛研究和征求意見后制定的。

1.1.3 Reasonably arrange crewsMake proper arrangement on navigational watch. There should be at least 2 crew members engaged on the bridgewatch at any timeall times on navigating watch and look-out.


（三）立即呼喚周邊船舶參與救助。





1. 每年伏季休漁結(jié)束后，是中國沿海漁船活動密度最高時段。



2. 夜間23時至越日凌晨4時是商漁船碰撞事故高發(fā)時段，應(yīng)予以特別關(guān)注。
3. 公道安排駕駛臺航行值班職員，任何時候駕駛臺應(yīng)保持至少2名航行值班和了看瞭看職員。
1.1.2 Examine and test navigational aids and communication equipment such as RADAR, ECDIS/ECS, AIS, VDR, VHF, Navigational lights and sound-signalling equipment to ensure that all are in goodsound working condition.


1.2.1 It should be borne in mind that: Safety First, Don't take risks, Take a detour! As far as practicable Aavoid to sail intoentering the waters where fishing vessels are concentrated the fishing boats concentrated area as much as possible.


1.3.5 Even a slight collision or contact between a merchant vessel and a fishing vessel might cause damage to or capsize the fishing vessel and cause subsequent damage to both the vessel and her crew. Howeverit is sometimes hard to be observed by watchkeepers on merchant vessesls, and might be neglected by the crew of merchant vessel. Therefore, When passing a fishing vessel at close range, great care should be taken to ensure that there is no collision, wave damage or vessel suction.observe and check carefully to ensure that there is no scraping, wave damage or boat suction, when passing a fishing boat at a close range.
（二）發(fā)生碰撞事故后應(yīng)立即停船，將人命救助置于首位，跨境鐵路 國際物流，全力實施救助。全部遇險職員脫險前，只要不嚴(yán)重威及自身安全，嚴(yán)禁放棄搜救擅自駛離現(xiàn)場。在海上該行為意味著對他人生命的放棄，將面臨法律的重辦！切莫心存僥幸，借助當(dāng)前的技術(shù)手段，肇事逃逸船舶幾乎都被追蹤查獲。


（二）警惕漁船近間隔的不協(xié)調(diào)行動而發(fā)生碰撞。發(fā)現(xiàn)需緊急避讓的漁船，可用探照燈閃爍至少5次，或用連續(xù)聲號引起漁船留意。

《指引》分別從航行航法、避讓行動、應(yīng)急救助三方面作了具體的指導(dǎo)，特別是商船進(jìn)進(jìn)漁船密集區(qū)前、航經(jīng)或鄰近漁船密集區(qū)時航行航法，提出了具體的要求。同時夸大了避讓行動和應(yīng)急救助所須采取的措施。對商漁船碰撞的防范和碰撞后救助義務(wù)等事宜都有重點夸大。

（二）經(jīng)過或鄰近漁船密集區(qū)水域期間

每位參加航行值班職員均應(yīng)熟知上述內(nèi)收留。
7. 杜盡疲憊駕駛、酒后駕駛。
1.3.6 It is recommended that vessels sailing from the southern parts of the South China Sea to Japanese or Korean ports, and vessels that do not call at Chinese ports, proceed from the waters east of Taiwan Island and try to stay away from the coastal waters of China.


5. 商船與漁船即使發(fā)生稍微擦碰也可能造成漁船受損或翻沉，并且商船上的職員可能不輕易察覺。因此，當(dāng)近間隔駛過漁船時，應(yīng)仔細(xì)觀察，確保未發(fā)生擦碰、浪損或船吸。
1.2.2 The crew on navigational watch should be reasonably arrangedAppropriate bridge watch arrangement shall be made.,The number of bridge team may be increased a sufficient number of qualified personnel should be increasedaccording to the high traffic density of fishing vessels and the duty intensity of navigation watch. Don’t hesitate to call the captain to the bridge immediatelyany time indoubt. when necessary.

中國沿海航行船舶防范商漁船碰撞安全指引

2021年08月02日 11時 中國海事

4. 若觀測到漁船船速在3節(jié)左右時，通常該漁船正在捕魚作業(yè)中，操縱能力受限，需要及早協(xié)調(diào)避讓,最好保持1海里以上間隔通過。
3. 應(yīng)特別留意部分夜間錨泊漁船可能未按要求值班、顯示號燈和開啟AIS。還要特別留意大量漁網(wǎng)網(wǎng)位儀對AIS、雷達(dá)回波和電子海圖的使用干擾。

3. Emergency Rescue

6. 確保AIS信息正確且工作正常。
2.2 Watch out for possible collisions caused by fishing boats in uncoordinated actions taken byr fishing vessels at close distancerange. When finding a fishing vessel that needs emergency collision avoidance actions, flash the searchlightgive at least 5  timesshort and rapid flashes by ALDIS light, or use a continuous sound signal to attract theher attention of the fishing boat.



1.2.4 The crew on navigational watchBridge should keep sharp look-out, turn onuse two or more radars  to obtain early warning of risk of collision by long-range and short-range scanning. Do not rely too much on a single navigational aids, every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

（一）應(yīng)遵守避碰規(guī)則，避讓時堅持“早、大、寬、清”。嘗試提前通過VHF16頻道呼喚漁船，協(xié)調(diào)避讓行動。若數(shù)次呼喚嘗試無應(yīng)答，可能意味著該漁船VHF未在守聽狀態(tài)。溝通時要充分考慮口音、語言表達(dá)等方面的局限，確保雙方互相清楚對方意圖。

（四）避讓行動要充分考慮四周環(huán)境，以免造成與其他船舶的緊迫局面。

1.3.3 Special attention should also be paid to some fishing vessels anchored at night which might be without any crewnot arrange watchkeeper on watch, not or display proper display lights andor turnhave operational  onAIS as required, and also to the interference from a largethe excessivenumberuse of AIS-Net-Locators on the use of AIS, Radar and ECDIS/ECSfishing nets or fishing marks.


1.3 Special Precautions
3.2 The vessel should be stopped immediately after a collision. Life-saving rescue should be put at first priority and no effort should be sparedall endeavors shall be made to carry out the on-site rescue. Before all people in distress are saved, as long as your own safety is not severely threatened.,It is strictly forbidden to give up search and rescue and leave the scene without authorization it is strictly forbidden to escape. Such behavior at sea means giving up the lives of others and will face severe punishment by law! Nothing can be left to chance， aAided by the modern technology, almost all escapedhit-and-run ships after a collision will be tracked and seizeddown.
1. Normal Navigational Methods